Researchers from Tongji University School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles and Nanjing Medical University University used single-cell RNA sequencing technology to reveal the genetic program of early embryos in humans and mice. Nature). Dr. Zhigang Xue of Tongji University School of Medicine, Professor Jia-yin Liu of Nanjing Medical University and Professor Guoping Fan of UCLA are co-corresponding authors of this paper.

Mammalian embryo development begins with the fusion of eggs and sperm. Through the processes of migration, genomic and epigenetic temporal and spatial expression regulation, and fertilized egg / embryo genome activation, mulberry embryos are formed, which then form blastocysts, which are implanted into the uterine wall and further develop into embryos. The process of pre-implantation embryonic development in mammals is the core issue of developmental biology. Understanding this process is of great significance for studying early mammalian development. Due to the influence of research methods, experimental materials and other factors, in the past, research on gene expression profiles of human preimplantation embryo development was limited. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology have provided unprecedented opportunities for studying gene regulation in early human embryos at high resolution. In this article, the researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively analyze the transcriptome dynamics of human and mouse embryos from oocytes to morula stages. Based on single-nucleotide variants (SNV) of human blastomere messenger RNAs and paternal-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms, the researchers identified a significant portion (25-53%) of polymorphic gene transcripts (25-53%) polymorphic gene transcripts) stage-specific single allele expression pattern.

Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the researchers found that a small number of co-expressed gene functional modules can concisely describe each developmental stage. This indicates that sequential transcriptional changes have occurred in the cell cycle, gene expression, translation and metabolic signaling pathways, functioning in stages from the cleavage to the morula stage, and this mechanism exists conservatively among species. Cross-species comparison of mouse pre-implantation embryos and human pre-implantation embryos revealed that most of the human stage-specific modules (7 out of 9) were significantly preserved, and developmental specificity and timing exist between humans and mice difference. In addition, the researchers identified some conserved modular members of the human and mouse network: the hub gene. These new candidate genes may play a key role in driving the development of mammalian preimplantation embryos.

These findings provide valuable resources for elucidating the gene regulation mechanism during the gradual development of early embryos, and may have an important and profound impact on the field of stem cell research and the improvement of human assisted reproductive technology.

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