Principle and structure of thermocouple thermometer

A thermocouple thermometer is a measuring temperature meter that uses the junction of two different metal conductors to generate a thermoelectric potential after being heated. It is mainly composed of three parts: thermocouple, compensation wire and electrical measuring instrument (galvanometer). Two different conductors or one end of a semiconductor (hot electrode) are welded to each other to form a working end (hot end) of the thermocouple, which is inserted into the medium to be measured to measure the temperature. The free end (cold end) of the thermocouple is connected to the measuring instrument via a wire. When there is a temperature difference between the working end and the free end of the thermocouple, a thermoelectric potential is generated, so that there is current passing through the compensating wire, and the larger the temperature difference, the larger the generated thermoelectric potential and the current on the wire. By observing the angle of the pointer deflection on the measuring instrument, the temperature value of the measured medium can be read directly. The commonly used ordinary platinum-rhodium thermocouple (WRLL type) has a maximum measurement temperature of 1600 °C. Ordinary platinum rhodium-platinum thermocouple (WRLB) The highest measured temperature is 1400 °C. Ordinary nickel-chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple (WREU) The highest measurement temperature is 1100 °C.

The advantages of the thermocouple thermometer are high sensitivity, large measuring range, no external power supply, and easy remote measurement and recording. The disadvantage is that the wire needs to be compensated, and the installation cost is relatively expensive. On industrial boilers, it is commonly used to measure steam temperature, furnace flame temperature and flue gas temperature in the flue.

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