After being infected with HIV, some patients produce very powerful antibody responses. However, how this phenomenon occurs has been unknown.

Researchers at WitsUniversity in South Africa play a vital role in an AIDS study published in the journal Nature Medicine. This study describes how a unique change in the shell of the HIV virus found in two HIV-infected South African women can enable them to produce powerful antibodies, which can kill up to 88% of HIV types worldwide .

Through a long-term follow-up study of the two women, the researchers found that a sugar molecule called glycan on a specific site (position 332) of the coat protein on the surface of the HIV virus is a sensitivity of the virus Site, so that these two women produce a broadly neutralizing antibody response.

Dr. Penny Moore explained, “We were surprised to find that HIV, which infects many people, does not have this antibody target on its shell. But after a period of time, the body ’s immune system puts pressure on the virus to add this to itself. Sugar molecules, thereby forming sensitive sites, thus allowing people to develop antibodies that attack such vulnerable sites. "

In this study, the researchers also discovered a possible mechanism for making these antibodies. To this end, they studied the target of some of these antibodies, a sugar molecule that coats HIV surface proteins, which also forms the sensitive site of the virus. By tracking the evolution of the virus HIV that triggered the production of these antibodies, they confirmed that this particular vulnerable site was missing from the virus HIV that originally infected the two women.

However, under the constant pressure from other less powerful antibodies produced in all HIV-infected people, after a period of time, these people's HIV are forced to expose their sensitive sites. This allows the production of these broadly neutralizing antibodies.

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