Whether in Europe or the Americas, the manufacturers of outdoor products are mostly developed by home-based workshops. Many of them are outdoor enthusiasts. Gregory (backpack), Dana (back pack) and Bibler (tent) started out as the most popular manufacturers by starting with their own hands-on equipment. The materials used by these outdoor sports brands, without exception, have the function of resisting outdoor bad weather.

Secret secrets of outdoor apparel materials: waterproof and breathable film

In outdoor sportswear, the materials of clothing, shoes, and backpacks often have a basic function: they can prevent people from being harmed by water and rain during the outdoor sports, and at the same time they can pass through moisture to ensure the human sweat. Volatilize normally. The raw material that plays this role in the fabric is a waterproof, breathable film. Among the film materials with waterproof and breathable features, biaxially stretched PTFE is one of the most classic. Gore-tex of the United States Gore-tex and various materials mentioned in the above table such as Omni-Tech, SympaTex, WindStopper and other materials are basically biaxially oriented PTFE-based materials.

Biaxially-oriented PTFE is the invention of the Gore Company in the United States in the last century. Because of its remarkable waterproof and moisture-permeable characteristics, it is rich in usefulness. Now Gore's patent has passed the protection period, and with the advancement of science and technology, many companies in the world have also developed corresponding products, and the performance difference is not great. There are two basic processing methods for biaxially oriented PTFE used in garment production: bonding and coating.

Bonding method is made by forming a thin film of polytetrafluoroethylene resin in the molten state, heating to a melting point, biaxial stretching in both vertical and horizontal directions, and cooling to form a thermosetting spider-like microporous structure. Its characteristics are: strong anti-fouling performance, good water resistance, good windproofness and warmth, and hot-pressing on the seams in the process of garment processing can also solve the problem of water leakage at joints.

The coating method is also divided into dry and wet methods. Dry method: An organic amine salt using a glycolic acid polymer is dissolved in an ethanol-based or amide-based solvent to form a viscous liquid, which is mixed with a fluorine-based resin dissolved in an organic solvent, and then an appropriate amount of hydrophilic and lipophilic oil is added to the mixture. The non-ionic active agent with an equilibrium value of 8 or more is applied to the base fabric and dried to form a penetrating fine porous film after water treatment. The waterproof and moisture-permeable fabric used for making can withstand water of 2000 mm or more and the moisture permeability of 4000 to 5000 g/m2, 24 hours (35°C, RH65%). Wet method: The cloth is immersed in the solution, and the surface is formed into a thin and soft layer by the treatment. There are numerous 0.2-5 micron membranes interconnected into a honeycomb-like pore structure, which has excellent water resistance, water repellency, moisture permeability, and Soft style. The moisture permeability is 5000 to 7000 g/m2 and over 24 hours.

In the application, biaxially stretched PTFE membranes must also be combined with other textile fabrics to form the final finished fabric. In addition to the production of such products in the United States and Europe, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan in Asia also have such products to meet the needs of different grade markets.

Secret 2: Hygroscopic fiber

In addition to waterproof and moisture-permeable films, there is also a raw material that is widely used in outdoor and sportswear. This is called moisture-wicking fiber. In the table, Coolmax, Omni-Dry, and the like belong to such fibers. The rise of this kind of fiber originated from the requirements of people's comfort in the process of sports. In recent years, consumers have increasingly demanded comfort, health, safety and environmental protection of apparel fabrics. With the increase of outdoor activities, the trend of casual wear and sportswear penetration and integration has become a trend. One kind of trend is that the fabrics of such garments require good comfort and require that, in the event of sweating, garments do not stick to the skin and produce a cold and wet sensation. As a result, new requirements for the moisture absorption and perspiration function have been proposed for the fibers of the fabric.

As we all know, natural fiber cotton, for example, its moisture absorption performance is good, comfortable to wear, but when the person's sweating is slightly larger, the cotton fiber will be expanded due to moisture absorption, its permeability is reduced and

Adhere to the skin, at the same time, moisture divergence is also slow, causing a sense of cold and damp to the human body; synthetic fiber polyester, for example, its low water absorption, poor moisture permeability, due to its static electricity accumulation and easy to wear The trouble of entanglement occurs, and it is easy to produce a stuffy feeling especially when it is active. In the case where the modification of natural fibers is difficult and the results are not universally available, the addition of synthetic fibers has become a major role in the comfort of sportswear. The current moisture absorption and wicking fibers are mainly based on functional polyester and nylon. Since the industrialization of polyester, polyester modification research has never been interrupted. For a period of time, increasing the water absorption and moisture permeability of polyester fibers are the research and development directions of polyester production and research departments in most countries. Among them, DuPont's coolmax moisture wicking polyester fiber technology is the earliest, and some domestic synthetic fiber research institutions and manufacturing companies have also done some work on the development of this kind of fiber, such as Yizheng's Coolbst, Quanfang's Coolnice and so on.

How does the moisture absorption and drainage performance of the moisture-wicking fiber result? It depends on its chemical composition and physical structure. Gaseous moisture evaporating from the surface of the skin is first absorbed by the fibrous material (ie, absorbed) and then released through the surface of the material; while the liquid moisture on the skin surface is formed by pores (capillaries, micropores, grooves) inside the fiber and between the fibers. The capillary effect produced by the voids causes moisture to adsorb, diffuse, and evaporate (ie, release moisture) across the surface of the material. The effect of both effects leads to the migration of water. The former effect is mainly related to the chemical composition of the macromolecules, and the latter effect is related to the physical structure of the fibers. Moisture absorption and perspiration fibers generally have a high specific surface area, and the surface has a large number of holes or grooves. The cross section is generally a special shape. The use of the capillary effect enables the fiber to rapidly absorb the moisture and sweat on the skin surface, through diffusion, Passed to the outer layer.

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