Review of Newspaper Technology Development
Newspaper printing, as an important part of the modern printing industry, has a long history. From the perspective of the origin of technology, it can be traced back to the printing of lead type invented by the German G. J. Gutenberg in the 15th century AD. So far, China's newspaper printing technology has gone through three stages of development.
1. Lead type printing stage
From Gutenberg invented lead type printing, with the development of the industrial revolution. The first batch of modern newspapers in the world started to appear in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. Subsequently, due to the adoption of power, the invention of roller-type movable type, automatic casting machine, etc., modern newspaper printing technology entered a mature stage in more than a hundred years from the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. In 1853, Chinese missionaries introduced lead type printing. Until the early 1980s, this process was mainly used.
2. Phototypesetting and four-color printing stage
At the beginning of the 20th century, four color printing processes were born on the basis of traditional color separation engraving and modern photography techniques. In the 1940s, the use of photographic technology in the photographic materials business typesetting mode of operation temporarily exposed, compared with the traditional lead exhaust lead, casting, casting and other hot dry compared to this method is accordingly called "cold row ". In the 1970s, with the advancement of the electromechanical process, the concept of tower-type four-color printing was realized, and modern newspaper technology entered the period of phototypesetting and double-sided color high-speed printing. Due to the Cultural Revolution, China began to gradually adopt phototypesetting and four-color printing in the late 1980s after the reform and opening up.
3. Digital typesetting and non-axis printing stage
In 1793, the world’s first prototype of a small computer came out. In 1974, laser imagesetters came out in England. In 1985, Professor Wang Peixing of Peking University led the scientific research personnel to successfully develop the domestic Huaguang III laser shaper. In 1993, a prototype of a computer-based system was introduced abroad, which announced the beginning of digital printing of newspaper printing technology. In terms of machinery, its development has benefited from computer control technology. In the 1980s, foreign countries began to carry out the development and application of a non-shaft printing press. In the late 1990s, the Chinese newspaper industry began to introduce a large number of axisless printers, and took the lead in applying the computer-to-computer system in Asia.
It is not difficult to see from the course of development that the development of high-tech forecasting and printing complement each other and stand together. Every technological innovation will inevitably bring about a leap in the quality and speed of newspaper printing.
Yangcheng Evening News Group's technology application process
The Yangcheng Evening News has been published since October 1, 1957. It has a history of 45 years. Since the launch of its own publication, it has paid particular attention to the effectiveness of the newspaper's pointed report. "On the day of the news on the same day," is the unremitting pursuit of the Yangcheng Evening News. Over the past decades, we have attached great importance to the role of printing technology in the survival and development of newspapers, emphasizing the effectiveness of technology through rush, speeding through technology, and spare no effort in applying and introducing new technologies. For 45 years, the Yangzhou Evening News Group has experienced three stages in the high-tech aspects of printing.
1. Offset one step in place
Typography from lead to laser phototypesetting, offset printing in one step to achieve printing speed.
In 1980, after the resumption of the "Yangcheng Evening News", the circulation increased in a straight line. There were 1.08 million copies in the Guangzhou area in 1985. To solve the printing effect and increase the printing speed, the Yangcheng Evening News invested heavily in establishing its own on November 1, 1985. In the first printing plant, although the lead was still used before printing, the newspaper decided to use the mature offset printing process directly, and took the lead in introducing the world-advanced Goss Metronell rotary offset press at the time in the provincial press. The offset press uses double double-diameter cylinders, which enables the newspaper to print at a speed of 144,000 copies per hour, and the printing quality is also significantly improved. This marks the "Yangcheng Evening News" completely bid farewell to the 600-year-old printing process.
In 1987, Prof. Wang Xuan pioneered the high-speed compression and high-speed restoration of Chinese character font information, invented the Chinese character laser photocopying system, and began to promote it in domestic newspapers. The Yangcheng Evening News was photographed on November 1, 1988, and a computer laser photocopying workshop was established. Part of the "Yangcheng Evening News" and "Yangcheng Evening News, Hong Kong and Macau Overseas Edition" and "Chess News" both use computer typesetting and laser photocopying to start eliminating the use of typesetting. . In July 1990, the "Yangcheng Evening News" implemented computer laser photocopying. By 1992, it had completed the leap from typesetting to computer laser typesetting, replaced "lead and fire" with "light and electricity", and completely realized the computer laser photocopying system network. The digital technology has emerged as an advantage in the printing of newspapers. It has increased the speed of typesetting several times, greatly reduced the error rate, made the layout combination more abundant, and shortened the publishing cycle.
2. Integrated Business System Establishment
The printing link realizes the transition from two-color printing to color printing, and the prepress coloring and management system realizes the establishment of a single-machine application to an integrated business system.
In the 1990s, with the opportunity of digital photocopying, the Yangcheng Evening News Agency upgraded its presses and began to try to use computer-centric digital integrated printing applications.
On October 1st, 1993, the Yangcheng Evening News set up the "Color Revolution" and the first domestic company to introduce the US Gauss Meitro full-satellite color printing unit for the first time to realize the color printing of newspapers. On July 11, 1994, three new Gauss Metrotro color offset presses were put into operation, and their ability to print colorful newspapers reached 280,000 impressions per hour, making the "Yangcheng Evening News" the highest color printing capacity among the nation's provincial newspapers.
In April 1991, the computer workshop changed from a stand-alone use to a networked computer network electronic publishing system. From 1993 to 1999, the Yangcheng Evening News Group focused its technological progress on building a computer-based computer system. Business processing system, special-purpose communication system and color printing service system are three parts. While establishing an integrated business processing system, it actively plans and builds an operating management system. Based on the actual needs of the newspaper industry group, it has gradually established a financial system as its core, which includes comprehensiveness of advertising, distribution, publication management, supply, and office automation. Management system technology platform. In this way, the integrated business processing system can support the technical platform for news collection, transmission, editing and processing, group publishing, distribution, prepress, and publishing news editing and publishing. The business management system supports the management and management of news agencies. And office automation business, constitutes Yangcheng Evening News has its own characteristics, the computer system as the core advanced technology system platform.
The "Yangcheng Evening News" comprehensive business processing system project passed the first prize of scientific and technological progress of the State Press and Publication Administration.
As a result, Yangcheng Evening News has increased the printing process of modern newspapers into an information processing process. It has input, analyzed, processed, stored, and exported information, and formed the prototype of a comprehensive printing management process for modern newspapers.
3. New technology update
A plate making is a breakthrough, realizing the transition from laser photocopying to digital plate making, from shaftless printing presses to shaftless printing presses, from single-linked animation to full-process automation, and establishing a new printing center.
The experimental prototype of computer direct platemaking exhibited at the Drupa95 Printing Expo was upgraded from a laser photocopying process to a digital direct plate making process. The graphic and text information on computer typesetting was directly transferred to the plate, reducing the loss caused by cumbersome process flow and improving the graphic and text. Quality, the Yangcheng Evening News people aimed at this advanced technology in the world. From 1998, the first computer-to-plate system was introduced in Asia, making the first time China’s newspaper industry developed synchronously with the world’s newspaper industry on technical equipment.
In August 2001, the new printing center was put into operation, and all the plate-making processes used the Agfa computer-to-plate system, a total of four sets, with an automatic bending plate punching machine and conveying system to form a complete automatic production line, and the production speed reached 244 The version/hour made the original 35-person 2.5-hour platemaking cycle reach 40 people for 40 minutes, which extended the editing time by more than 30 minutes. The computer-to-plate system uses computer-controlled electronic positioning and laser plate-making to basically eliminate half-meter offsets, significantly improving the accuracy of print registration and color print quality, and saving boot time and paper waste.
Prepress layout transmission uses dual-loop optical fiber Hebei Daboheng layout management system, which effectively overcomes the unfavorable factors of 9 km away from the headquarters of the Group and the Printing Service. The Yu Group’s existing five-seam connection of the editing and management system achieves layout reception. Edit the publication sync.
Starting from the pre-press logistics, automatic paper feeding, automatic ink supply, and automatic centralized gas supply (including plate making, printing, ink supply, and gas distribution system) are available. Among them, the Yangcheng Evening News Printing Center introduced the first trackless induction newsprint automatic conveying system (AGV) in China. The system guides the electric paper feeding car to the paper printing machine support's transplanted paper through the magnetic wire buried in the underground 3cm. The car can be automatically put into place; with the front-end rail conveyor and automatic metering system, the automation of the paper-loading conveyor is realized; the central control system can automatically calculate the status of the US shift paper and generate corresponding reports, which are the basis for management. All inks are piped and powered by compressed air. The ink is delivered from the underground ink library to the printer. In addition to the configuration of 1 to 2 managers, these two systems do not require other workers, save energy, reduce waste, and greatly increase production efficiency.
The printer uses a Gauss-Newsland axisless double-width high-speed color press. The press adopts AC motor servo technology. Each pair of rollers is driven by a motor.
Gear bridge transmission, to adapt to the needs of multi-version color version at the same time plate loading, printing operation and overprint, greatly reducing the preparation time for printing. The window control system formed by the optical fiber closed by the certification machine is combined with the printing towers to adjust the synchronization of printing cylinders through the virtual electronic axis. The touch-type operation screen is simple to use and the human-machine interface is friendly, and the independent operation of each printing tower is realized. The attached CIP3 interface can directly read the ink preset curve generated by the layout separation data from this CIP type, and realize the preset ink and ink presetting. The loss of 250 tons of newspapers used by the whole unit to turn off the ink does not exceed 250 copies. All production data and production plans are automatically stored for workers to call at any time. At present, the printing service center of the Yangcheng Evening News has printed more than 6 million pairs of jobs each day, and has 35 production staff, which is 1/3 less than the number of staff of the shafted crew, saving a lot of labor costs and operating costs.
The automatic mailing system put into use on October 1, 2002 is connected to the press outlets of the five printing presses, and it is introduced into the press pack packing and distribution control system, which can realize the standard packing operation of the Hefei standard newspaper stack and can be based on Set up distribution lines to achieve automatic oil distribution, which is two times faster than manual distribution. The entire system requires only 3-4 operations and monitoring personnel, completely changing the situation of traditional distribution newspapers.
The use of the above advanced systems not only improves work efficiency, shortens the time for delivery, but also provides detailed process control data, laying a solid foundation for newspaper printing to get rid of old experience management and promote quantitative management.
The characteristics of high-tech application in newspaper printing
For the characteristics of high-tech applications in newspaper printing, Yangcheng Evening News Group has summarized two points.
1. The application of new technologies takes a single step as a breakthrough and continues to extend to the entire process
The printing process of modern newspapers is essentially the process of information processing, including the input, analysis, processing, storage, and output of information. These links interact with each other and form an organic whole. Due to the continuous advancement of computer technology, Modern Press has become an interdisciplinary high-tech product integrating high-tech achievements in computer, electronics, machinery, optics, chemical engineering, and communications technology.
According to the application of the Yangcheng Evening News Group Technology, it is mainly to seize the breakthrough of the digital platemaking process, combine the advantage of digitization of the domestic North University with the foreign hardware equipment, and continuously manage the prepress and post-press logistics. The whole process of transportation is expanded and a digital integration process including acquisition, management, printing, and logistics is gradually formed.
2. Take digital control and digital management as the core
In the 21st century, the wave of informatization led by computers and mobile communication equipment has become more intense. Newspapers face the competition of various stereoscopic and flat media such as television, Internet, and magazines. The use of equipment to rob actual results and use digital management means to increase efficiency has become the consensus of the entire Yangcheng Evening News. To this end, Yangcheng Evening News proposed the slogan of “digital control as the core and building a digital control processâ€, especially for logistics transportation.
High-tech and newspaper industry applications
December 30 04:07:44, 2023
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