The increasingly frequent occurrence of desertification, dust storms, acid rain, large rivers, soil alkalization, depletion of groundwater pollution, declining air quality, and other ecological environmental degradation incidents have caused huge damages and pollution to the earth. Direct relationship. One statistic is striking: At present, tattered waste piles up in the suburbs of major cities. From satellites, most of China’s large and medium-sized cities are surrounded by thousands of landfills, and the total weight of these wastes is as much as More than 7 billion tons, occupying more than 500 million square meters of arable land. On the one hand, rubbish is like a mountain destroying the environment, and on the other hand, it is a shortage of resources that affects life. If wasteful waste is regenerated into new and useful resources, it will be a matter of the best of both worlds.
Thousands of rubbish gold
Something has been done for people who have turned waste into treasure. Li Shuangliang, a Taiyuan steelworks worker who was once praised by the United Nations agencies concerned, is a member of the Slam Heroes. He led a group of men and women to march to the high slag mountain, which had been standing on the factory site for hundreds of years, to pick up scrap steel for return to steelmaking, pulverize the residue to make bricks and paved the way, and finally built the original dirty slag area into the leisure of the workers. Beautiful garden. The comprehensive utilization of renewable resources in the world is even more remarkable: 45% of steel production in advanced countries is produced from scrap steel as raw materials, 35% of copper production, 22% of lead production, 30% of zinc production, 35% of paper production All are made from old materials. Not only that, but also the use of waste-based renewable resources can save existing resource consumption and reduce energy consumption, which is equivalent to making a fortune again. According to statistics, each ton of recycled resources is equivalent to a reduction of 4 tons of wastes. For each ton of recycled steel, 20 tons of various ores can be saved, 1.2 tons of standard coal can be saved, and scrap steel can be used. Steel produces better steel than iron ore; waste paper can make good paper and save wood; waste plastic can produce plastic products and save oil...
The wealth contained in rubbish is amazing, but the level of renewable resources in China is much lower than in developed countries. According to data provided by authoritative departments such as the State Economic and Trade Commission, the State Environmental Protection Administration, and the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, the total recovery rate of China's mineral resources is currently 30%-50%, which is 10-20 percentage points lower than the world average. Among the solid wastes that can be comprehensively utilized each year and the renewable resources that can be recycled and reused, the value that has not been recycled exceeds 50 billion yuan. Not only that, the amount of wastes lost every year is still at least equivalent to this number. About 5 million tons of scrap steel, 200,000 tons of non-ferrous metals, 14 million tons of waste paper, and a lot of waste plastics, waste glass waste rubber and other waste materials are not recycled. Utilization; more than 200 million types of waste batteries, recycling of waste household appliances, computers and other electronic items have not yet been put on the agenda. In this way, more than 100 billion yuan of wealth is being lost from rubbish each year.
There is a reason for the loss of "gold"
So much wealth is quietly lost. What are the reasons?
Since the founding of New China, the supply and marketing cooperatives, which have always been responsible for the recycling and utilization of national renewable resources, have played a major role in the industry. Regarding the above issues, Director Ren Guohua of the China National Supply and Marketing Cooperatives Regenerative Resources Management Office analyzed that many people are currently underestimating and paying insufficient attention to the concept of renewable resources. In the 1950s, people’s awareness of resource conservation was very strong. First, because the country was poor at that time, and secondly, the Chinese people had a tradition of diligent home ownership. At that time, from the big cities to the rural bases, there was a network of supply and marketing cooperatives. They were also responsible for recovering and smashing while supplying rice and salt. They had the largest and most complete recycling system in the world at the time and this system was very envious for foreigners. However, today we are worse than the developed countries because they have earlier tasted the waste of resources and the environmental pollution caused by the earlier development of the economy. As a result, energy conservation and environmental protection awareness and actions are ahead of us. Second, for many wastes, such as waste tires and waste batteries, modern technology has not been able to effectively process and use it, which has caused a large amount of such items to become long-term undiscriminated garbage. Another important point is that from the institutional point of view, China's recycling companies have always followed the commercial principle of “selling, selling, and selling.†Therefore, it is not attractive to “buy and sell†waste that does not make money. For example, the recycling of waste plastics has a light weight, but it occupies a large area. The investment in housing rents and labor input is large. However, the selling price is low, which is far less than the value of metal scraps. Therefore, no one is willing to recycle such products. Supplies.
Although supply and marketing cooperatives have many renewable energy companies and have certain advantages in recycling operations, they have been weak in processing and utilization links, constraining the expansion of recycling operations and the development of the entire industry. The entire renewable resources business system has historically focused on light processing, long-term “collection and disposal of waste,†and insufficient investment and research capacity in processing and utilization. This situation arises because most recycling companies are old companies, and the general business scale is small. , Weak capacity, aging equipment, and backward research and technology, cannot form scale and industry; Second, industrial enterprises generally start from the interests rather than the awareness of environmental protection and energy conservation, choose more materials with low cost and convenient use, and use products produced from renewable resources rather than products. The cost of existing resources is high or the effect is poor. They must choose the latter. In this regard, the practice of the developed countries is that the government gives economic subsidies to enterprises that use renewable resources and encourages enterprises to carry out R&D on the effective use of renewable resources.
"Circular Economy" Creates Wealth
Nowadays, countries are paying more and more attention to the development of resource conservation and environmental protection industries, and strive to transform their domestic economic growth model from the former mass production, mass consumption, and large-scale disposal into a circular economy model. After joining the WTO, the role of resource and environmental factors in international trade has become increasingly prominent. All countries are setting "green barriers" and advocating "circular economy" to reduce material consumption and reduction by adopting mandatory product energy consumption and environmental protection technical standards. Waste pollution and invasion of public health, this situation urgently requires China to establish a circular economy system of modern renewable resources industry as soon as possible.
For the establishment of this system, the country has plans and goals. The eight ministries and commissions including the Economic and Trade Commission and the Planning Commission jointly issued the “Opinions on Strengthening the Development of the Environmental Protection Industryâ€, which includes the development of comprehensive utilization of resources, focusing on the comprehensive utilization of “three wastes†and recycling of renewable resources, as a new economic growth. In order to incorporate into the national economic and social development plan and the development of the long-term goals. The State Economic and Trade Commission has formulated the “Tenth Five-Year Plan for Recycling of Renewable Resources.†By 2005, the total value of China’s renewable resource recycling will reach more than 55 billion yuan. The annual recovery of major varieties is: 37 million tons of waste steel, waste and colored 2 million tons of metal, 500-600 million tons of waste plastics, 17 million tons of waste paper; 800,000 recycling and dismantling of scrapped automobiles, dismantling 1 million tons of waste ships, 7.9 million tire retreading, waste household appliances and waste Computer recycling amounted to more than 80% of the total waste. In order to encourage industrial enterprises to actively engage in R&D and use of resource regeneration, the state has also successively introduced a series of preferential tax policies.
According to Wang Ruzhen, deputy director of the National Supply and Marketing Cooperative, the company plans to implement a multi-level comprehensive development transformation from a single recycling operation to recycling, processing, and comprehensive processing in the 3-5 years of the recycling process; From the traditional single-enterprise business model to the conglomerate grouping model, in the management system, the transformation from simple circulation system to circulation, production, scientific research and service is realized, and finally a recycling-based, processing-based approach is adopted. To take advantage of the integration of industry, trade, industry and trade, renewable resources, comprehensive utilization of industrial structure. The work in this area has now made progress: the use of idle storage facilities, the establishment of various types of waste materials trading market; the absorption of farmers as the main self-employed households into the recycling market; the establishment of a new recycling network based on community recycling points, the formation of classified recycling Recycling resources recycling system, which is mainly focused on processing, provides renewable resources for industrial production. Since 1998, Beijing has built 9 large-scale waste and scrap trading markets in Chaoyang, Haidian and Fengtai, established nearly 500 community recycling points, and established a cross-system social recycling industry association to implement unified and standardized management. . At present, nearly 500 such waste material trading markets have been built across the country. For processing and utilization, in the future, the company will work on specialized scale processing of scrap metal, build a recycling and processing center for used appliances with home appliance manufacturers, and use high-quality composite materials such as high-quality composite materials for waste fiber, plastic, and rubber production. As a breakthrough point.
It is believed that in the near future, with the healthy operation of the circulatory system of the modern renewable resources system, and the enhancement of the society's awareness of energy saving and environmental protection and the help of modern technology, the utilization of waste will be raised to a new level.
Garbage is misplaced resources: waste recycling problems
December 20 06:08:21, 2023
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