Now, a research team led by Yan Jie, associate professor of NUS at the National University of Singapore, has identified three DNA structures caused by mechanical force stretching. The scientific community has been controversial about the effect of mechanical force stretching on DNA structure, and this research provides a clear answer to this, ending the 17-year debate. In recent years, people have discovered through single-molecule research that mechanical stretching not only elongates DNA, but also changes its structure. In this regard, people have also proposed some possible structures for DNA stretching, mainly in the following three types: stretched single-stranded DNA, DNA foaming structure containing parallel strands, and new double-stranded DNA base pairing. In the past seventeen years, scientists have launched heated discussions about the above structural changes. To fully understand the effect of mechanical stretching on DNA, researchers at the National University of Singapore collaborated with the University of Minnesota and MIT to conduct an in-depth study of all possible structural changes.

In this study, the researchers systematically studied the DNA structural changes induced by mechanical force stretching by controlling the DNA composition, temperature, tension, and salt concentration. Their research data successfully demonstrated three distinct DNA structures, and completely determined their respective characteristics. The study, published in the journal PNAS of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, not only revealed all possible structures of DNA under tension, but also put an end to the 17-year-long debate.

There are a large number of mechanical events in the DNA of cells. This new study has brought new enlightenment to people and helped them to further understand the mechanically dependent regulation in key biological processes such as DNA damage repair and gene transcription. In addition, in recent years, many new DNA devices have been developed based on the thermodynamic properties of various DNA structures. It is conceivable that this new discovery will also contribute to the future development of DNA equipment. In the next step, researchers at the National University of Singapore will conduct further research to analyze the physiological functions of the three DNA stretch structures. At the same time, they will continue to search for new DNA structures under other mechanical conditions.

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