The development of society has led to changes in demand, which has prompted the renewal of logistics and packaging concepts, and gradually formed a rational development trend. The development of modern logistics is a comprehensive, healthy, rapid and sustainable development of the national economy. Circular economy is the main direction of the current world economic development and has been identified by China as the future economic development model. The packaging products have a short life cycle, and they are mostly disposable products with large amounts of consumption. Therefore, the consumption of resources is very serious. The solid wastes also cause serious pollution to the environment. Therefore, it is more urgent for the packaging industry to implement a circular economy. In the modern material society, the rational use of packaging has promoted the improvement of the logistics system and constructed a harmonious economy-type commodity circulation society. According to the concept of circular economy, the development of modern logistics puts higher and newer requirements on packaging as the core of reduction – providing green packaging and building a green logistics system.
First, apply the concept of recycling economy, develop green packaging
1. The development of the packaging industry should comply with the principle of circular economy
Circular economy is the use of ecological laws to guide human society economic activities, with the efficient use of resources and recycling as the core, "reduction, reuse, recycling" as the basic principle, with low consumption, low emissions, high The essence of social production and reproduction in which efficiency is the basic feature is to realize the greatest economic and social development benefit with the least possible resource consumption and the lowest possible environmental cost. The most important operating principle for the implementation of circular economy is the "3R" principle, namely Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. The importance of the three principles is not the same, and the order of the three cannot be changed. Reduction is the most important principle. The reduction is to reduce the quality of the goods entering the consumption process, and the emphasis will be placed on preventing the generation of waste rather than after it is produced. Excessive packaging currently exists to waste resources and produce a lot of waste, and disposable packaging does not meet the principle of reduction. Second, pay attention to the reuse of packaging materials. Packaging materials such as cardboard boxes, glass bottles, and plastic bags can be reused to save energy and materials. Third, we must recycle as much as possible or recycle resources. The so-called resource recycling refers to returning substances that have already used value back to the factory, and then processing them into new products. Recycling can reduce people's pressure on landfills and incinerators to make new products that use less energy. In general, resource-based recycling can reduce the use of raw materials by 20 9 90% in the formation of products, while the use of primary biomass in the reduction of secondary resources is usually only about 25%.
2. To develop green packaging for the industry
Green packaging is not only a packaging concept but also an ideal packaging. There is no unified definition and evaluation criteria. However, the green trade barriers in international trade have put more and more stringent requirements on packaging. The restrictions imposed by green barriers in many industrialized countries, such as technical standards, environmental standards, packaging labels and environmental labels, and sanitary inspection and quarantine regulations, mainly include: toxic and hazardous elements contained in packaging materials, and microbial pathogens that affect ecology or human health. The packaging and printing includes organic solvents or heavy metal residual substances that may be like the inner container, the recycling or self-degradability of the packaging waste, and the presence or absence of environmental signs.
At present, the connotation of green packaging includes the following five points: reducing packaging; packaging should be easy to reuse or recycle; packaging waste can be degraded; packaging materials should be non-toxic and harmless; packaging products should not respond to the entire life cycle. Environmental pollution. The first four points should be the requirements that green packaging must have. The last point is the highest requirement for green packaging based on the life cycle analysis method from the viewpoint of system engineering.
3. Develop green packaging to deal with the challenge of environmental trade barriers to China's packaging and logistics industry
In international trade, as tariffs have fallen sharply, environmental trade barriers have emerged as a new form of trade protectionism. Their influence has also grown, affecting almost all areas of China’s foreign trade exports. Green packaging is becoming a new non-tariff barrier - green barriers. For example, in 1998, the European Union unilaterally banned the entry of wooden crates and wooden pallets without quarantine in China, causing the loss of China’s economy and trade to reach several billion yuan, and later announced in 2000 that China, Canada, Southeast Asia, the United States, etc. Imported wooden crates and wooden pallets must be fumigated. Developed countries have imposed stringent green packaging standards and raised the "threshold" for trade. In 2000, the EU took more actions in environmental trade barriers, demanding a recovery rate of over 60% for household appliances, electronic products, and communication products, and an individual product recycling rate of 75. Among them, the recycling rate of packaging products reached 85%. This requirement will be formally implemented in January 2006. In recent years, more and more trade frictions have arisen due to packaging problems. Many goods exported to Europe and the United States have to pay a high amount of packaging waste disposal fees. China's packaging, production, and logistics companies are facing severe challenges.
Second, the development of green packaging, measures to build a green logistics system
The development of green packaging is a systematic project, which includes many aspects such as packaging containers, packaging materials, packaging techniques, production processes, and waste disposal technologies. It is a new development in the packaging discipline. Research on green packaging should continue to innovate, develop new types of energy-saving and environmental-friendly materials, improve the testing level of evaluating the performance of packaging materials, and establish corresponding standardized working procedures. At the same time, packaging machinery must be updated to improve the level of technology, packaging design and printing performance should contain more information and characteristics of the times. In addition, the corresponding laws and regulations for green packaging, as well as the education and training of talents will involve all aspects of each aspect.
1. Strengthen legislation and law enforcement to ensure the healthy development of green packaging.
Relevant domestic departments should formulate corresponding policies and regulations to guide, support and protect green packaging companies and products, and at the same time order rectification or shutdown of enterprises that do not meet the development direction of green packaging. When formulating laws and regulations, relevant domestic departments must learn from the advanced experience of developed countries and improve their technological level. They must also combine our country's actual conditions, carefully study the packaging environment, make laws comprehensive and rigorous, and comply with international standards. Law enforcement strives to strictly regulate and ensure the healthy development of green packaging. .
2. Intensify technological innovation, focus on reduction, actively develop and promote a variety of green packaging materials and equipment to meet the needs of logistics industry development and international trade.
â–² Corrugated cartons must be miniaturized and reduced. Corrugated carton packaging has a wide range of applications. It has an extremely important position in transportation packaging and logistics systems and ranks first in various packaging. In 2004, the industrial output value of China's paper product packaging industry was 108.57 billion yuan, accounting for 33% of the total output value of the packaging industry. , accounting for 43.69% of the total output value of the four major industries of plastic packaging, metal packaging, glass packaging, and paper product packaging. The production capacity ranks first in the world. Only its automated production line has grown from more than 600 in 1995 to more than 4,000 in 2004. The output of corrugated cartons in China has surpassed Japan, second only to the United States, and it has fallen into the world's largest carton packaging country, but it is not yet a powerful country.
At present, corrugated carton packaging industry generally suffers from waste of resources, overcapacity and underemployment (the average operating rate is only 35% -40}i`o); the market exceeds supply, disorderly competition, low corporate profits, and the loss increases; from the overall From the above, it is still in the stage of primary industrialization. Take a single production line as an example: The annual output of a US line is 60 million square meters, Germany is 57 million square meters, France is 44 million square meters, and China has only 4 million square meters, and the gap is quite large. Therefore, the corrugated paperboard production speed and up grade is a development trend. Reducing outdated equipment and closing small businesses is an important task in the development of the paper packaging industry. In the future, the development of the corrugated box industry should be centered on the reduction, and it should be developed in the direction of miniaturization and low weight.
Three-Watt cartons in developed countries have become the mainstream of the market, which can greatly save paper consumption, save wood, and save energy. In contrast, China's production is based on five-carton cartons (see chart). Taking the corrugated box output of 15.8 billion square meters in 2003, more than 70% of China's consumables are consumed.
In recent years, following the honeycomb paperboard, heavy corrugated cardboard,. After 3A type special type corrugated paperboard, reinforced corrugated board (commonly known as "Wazhongwa") and other new packaging materials, micro-corrugated board (also known as "fine corrugated board") has been increasingly favored by people and will be our country. The packaging industry and logistics industry have realized the direction of sustainable development.At present, China's micro-corrugated board production still has problems such as late start, few varieties, low grade, low production technology and technical level, and high-grade micro-corrugated board also needs to be imported. Therefore, domestic micro-corrugated board manufacturers need to quickly develop miniature corrugated boxes (boxes) that have higher compressive strength, better cushioning performance, better printability, overcome the "sawboard" phenomenon, and lower cost.
â–² Accelerate wood conservation and substitution in transport packaging and logistics systems.
"Packaging modernization, loading and unloading mechanization, transport containerization, storage shelves, and management information" are the basic principles and contents of the implementation of transport packaging reform and the development of the logistics industry. For a long time, wood pallets, wood products packaging, etc. are a major product of transport packaging, playing an extremely important role in the logistics system, but the consumption of wood is very large. China is a country with relative shortage of timber resources in the world. With the continuous increase of wood consumption, the contradiction between supply and demand has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, saving wood and alternatives are important ways to ease the contradiction between wood supply and demand and to achieve sustainable use of timber resources.
In key links and key work to accelerate wood conservation and substitution, the document of the State Administration of Industry [2005] No. 58 pointed out that wood substitutes should be developed to optimize the wood consumption structure. Promote and encourage the production and use of wood substitutes, and give priority to the use of economical, durable, recyclable, environment-friendly green wood substitute materials and their products to reduce the unreasonable consumption of wood. In the packaging and transportation industry, non-wood packaging and wood-plastic composite packaging, such as plastics, metals, and bamboo, will continue to be promoted; the production and use of disposable wood products and wooden packaging materials using natural forest wood as raw materials will be restricted, and food, beverages and alcohol will be restricted. The transitional wooden packaging behavior of such consumer goods. Therefore, in the logistics system, we should vigorously promote the latest international transportation packaging technology—wrap and replace wooden box packaging, corrugated paper box packaging, etc., to save wood resources and realize reduction of transportation packaging. This is a reduction of packaging costs for enterprises. The effective way of economic benefits is also an important measure to deal with international environmental trade barriers.
Winding and packaging technology is a modern new technology emerging in the field of transport packaging in recent years. It is the basis for the promotion of containerized transportation and logistics industrialization. It adopts a winding stretch film made of a specific formulation and process technology. By using advanced electronic technology and exquisite mechanical manufacturing processes, a wrap and packaging machine can wrap a variety of regular or irregular shaped products into a whole and make the goods. Can be protected from scratches, bumps, damage, loss, scratches, oil and dirty spots, and economic losses caused by poor packaging.
The application of winding packaging technology can not only change the original backward package