Color and color management terminology
1. No color achromatic color A color with zero saturation, that is, gray at all levels between black, white, and black and white. Also known as a complete radiator, it neither reflects nor transmits, but is an imaginary object that can fully absorb the radiation falling on it, and fully complies with Planck's law of radiation under the action of radiation. Also known as Plankian radiator. The spectral energy distribution of blackbody radiation changes with temperature; as the temperature increases, the peak wavelength changes with the colors of red, orange, yellow, green, and blue. The process of ensuring that all color production devices (scanners, monitors, printing presses) meet the specifications or standard conditions at the time of construction by the manufacturer, user, or industry. The process of determining the system output in response to a known input. The characterization provides a method to obtain the full color gamut and reproduction characteristics of the device. The phenomenon that the human eye changes its visual sensing ability with the environmental chromaticity and brightness. A graph that represents chromaticity coordinates on a plane. A measure of the intensity of the visual perception of the color of the naked eye. Referred to as C, to distinguish the degree of bright colors. Used as a three-color measurement device that reflects or transmits light from the surface of an object, similar to the human eye, it converts reflected or transmitted light into a mathematical model. Colorimeters are used to calibrate the characterization of displays and printers. Represents the spectral characteristics of the light source. When the spectral distribution of a light source is the same as the black body radiation, the absolute temperature corresponding to the black body radiation at this time is called the color temperature of the light source. Three numerical values ​​representing tristimulus values ​​of color stimulation characteristics. In the additive color method, when the two colors of light are mixed in equal amounts to produce white light, or in the subtractive color method, the two colors are mixed in equal amounts to produce black. A color measurement system that can measure the spectral distribution value and chromaticity of objects in the visible range. International Commission on Illumination: Mathematical color module based on human's sensitivity to the visual spectrum of light. In its three-dimensional space, L * = brightness, a * = red-green axis of space, b * = blue-yellow axis of space. A color conversion calculation method that accepts color data and transforms it into another color space reference data map. Incorporating color expertise and science into software attempts to simplify color reproduction and automate color adjustments, allowing users to complete color reproduction easily, reliably, and quickly. The range of chromaticity space that a color device can display. The color difference value △ Eab * in the CIE L * A * B * color space, and the color difference value △ Euv * in the CIE LUV color space. No matter how the conditions of the light source change, the visual perception of the color of the object always wants to maintain a certain constant phenomenon. Mathematical model is used to describe the chromatic change of human vision. Use data, coordinates, three-dimensional space or other methods to represent color space or position, such as Munsell system, PANTONE system, Lab, Lxy. Adjust the intensity of chromaticity between different devices and objects to make the human eye have the same perceptual results. A system that mixes colors into tens of millions of colors, usually two types of additive and subtractive colors. The degree to which the light source presents the color of an object is also the degree of color fidelity. It is as important as the color range of the three-dimensional space. It is a device that mathematically defines the chroma and chroma can be printed or displayed. Located in human eyeballs, cone cells can be divided into red cone cells, green cone cells, and blue cone cells; the theory of the three primary colors of color and its evolution It only plays a role in relatively bright situations (more than a few nits), suitable for low-light vision. It has the characteristics of low sensitivity, high resolution and color resolution. Convert color images from the color space of one device to another, also known as color conversion. If the spectral distribution of a light source is different from the blackbody radiation, but its color characteristics are close to the blackbody radiation color temperature at a certain temperature, the color temperature is the relative color temperature. A device for measuring the amount of black and white or four-color light reflected or transmitted on the surface of an object. The reflection densitometer is used to read the density of the four-color ink on the printing press. It can also calculate other values ​​such as dot gain, overprinting and chroma errors. The transmission densitometer is used to read the density of color separation films, black and white or color film. The diffuser can reflect the incident light almost uniformly to all angles. The percentage (or tone value) of the actual increase in the full tone range or the specific halftone dot percentage. For example, the increase of 20% dots will cause 70% dots to appear in 50% of the intermediate points, and the color tone of the copy will be significantly different from the original. A technique often used for image processing, especially color image processing. It is a corresponding processing method for diffusing high frequency signals around points. For devices such as screens, the corresponding function curve between the input value and the output value. This technology can enhance the detailed parts of the black version, and make the shadow contrast greater. The method of GCR forming the black version is a technology in which the gray part generated by the CYM three colors is replaced with black ink. The abbreviation H is the characteristic that the main wavelengths of colors are distinguished from each other. The degree to which the light source illuminates the object. The range of chromaticity space that a color device can display. Color difference values ​​that human eyes cannot distinguish anymore. When the light intensity of the illumination light changes, the visual function of the human eye will automatically adapt to the adjustment, and the information can still be obtained normally. The luminous body emits light intensity. Objects that can self-illuminate, such as the sun, fluorescent lamps, flames, electric lights, etc. Three items with the same stimulus value and different spectral distribution. Neutral gray without color. 46. ​​Dark body non-luminous body Can not emit light by itself, only by receiving the light of the luminous body can produce a shiny object. Under brighter conditions, only the cones work. This visual state is called bright vision. Located in human eyeballs, it works only when it is relatively dark (brightness is less than 0.01nits), suitable for low-light vision. It has the characteristics of high sensitivity, low resolution, and no color resolution. Its sensitivity range is 400 ~ 600nm. A device that measures the amount of reflected or transmitted light at fixed intervals throughout the visible spectrum. Spectrophotometric data can be used to calculate the density and chromaticity variables. Abbreviated as V, it is a title that distinguishes between light and dark. The angle formed by the pupils at both ends of the visual target. It is the area that can be seen by both eyes (at rest). Visible light with a wavelength of 380nm ~ 780nm, in this range, the naked eye will cause a reaction and a sense of color. Used as a reference point for color balance measurement in color separation, photography, or photography. A light source commonly used in color meters and spectrometers. Because it has an almost continuous emission spectrum in the ultraviolet and visible range, it is used to simulate sunlight. This technology is used in printing, which can effectively remove the overlapping of colors in the shadow part, and adjust the middle tone to balance the lightness and darkness of the gray. It can simulate the three color stimulation values ​​of human eyes, and can match the colors seen by standard observers under the CIE standard lighting. Tristimulus values, tristimulus values ​​(X, Y, Z) are the three basic values ​​of the CIE color system, which are composed of three basic color elements such as light source, subject and receiver. The fraction of the total energy emitted by the light source for each spectral interval In darker conditions, only the stalk-shaped body works. This visual state is called dark vision. Only the purity of color, the more saturated the spectrum is when it penetrates into other light components. The most commonly used light sources for color measurement, such as color meters and spectrometers, are continuous spectrum light sources and high color rendering light sources.
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2. Black body
3. Blackbody radiator blackbody radiator
4. Brightness
Distinguish between light and dark colors.
5. Calibration
6. Characterization
7. Chromatic adaptation
8. Chromaticity diagram
9. Chromaticity
10. Chroma
11. Colorimeter colorimeter
12. Color temperature
13. Colorimetric values
14. complementary color
15. Color spectrum meter
[page] 16. Three-dimensional color space CIE L * a * b *
17. CMM color matching module CMM
18. CMS color management system color management system
19. Color gamut
20. Color difference
21. Color constancy
22. Color appearance model
23. Table color system color (order) system
24. Color matching
25. Color mixing system
26. Color rendering index
27. Color space color space
28. pyramidal cell cone
29. Conversion
30. Relative color temperature related color temperature
[page] 31. Densitometer
32. Diffuser
33. dot gain
34. Error diffusion
35. Gamma curve
36. Gray Component Replacement
37. Hue
38. Illumination
39. Color gamut
40. Just-perceptible difference
41. Bright adaptation
42. Brightness
43. Luminous body
44. Metamerism
45. Neutral color
47. Bright vision photopic vision
[page] 48. Rod cell
49. Spectrophotometer spectrophotometer
50. Brightness value
51. Visual angle
52. visual field
53. Visible spectrum visual spectrum
54. white point
55. Xenon-arc lamps
56. UCR (Under Color Removal)
57. Tristimulus value
58. Spectral tristimulus values
59. Spectral distribution
60. scotopic vision
61. Saturation
62. quartz halogen lamp