China Education Equipment Procurement Network News: Biofuel generally refers to fuel ethanol and biodiesel produced through biological resources. American researchers recently discovered that due to unique chemical properties, unburned ethanol emitted during the use of biofuels is easily converted into acetaldehyde, which is potentially dangerous to human health. The issue of biofuel emissions raises questions.

Biofuel generally refers to fuel ethanol, fuel butanol, biodiesel and other renewable fuels obtained from biological resources through a series of physical, biological, and chemical changes. Depending on the raw materials and technologies used, biofuels can be divided into four generations. The main raw materials of the first three generations of biofuels are food crops such as corn and sweet potatoes, as well as agricultural and forestry wastes such as wheat straw, grass and wood, and algae. The fourth-generation biofuel mainly uses metabolic engineering technology to transform the algae's metabolic pathways, so that it can directly use photosynthesis to absorb carbon dioxide to synthesize ethanol.

Although the safety of biofuel emissions has been questioned, many researchers still insist that biofuels are more efficient and cleaner than fossil fuels, which can not only significantly reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, but also reduce other conventional Emissions of pollutants such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and other harmful gases. In fact, the issue of emissions during the use of biofuels is not only related to the nature of the fuel itself, but also to the factors such as the types of raw materials used in the production process, fuel oil technology, the type of engine used for fuel, and the structure of its components. Because of this complexity, the issue of biofuel emissions has been controversial in the industry.

In view of the characteristics of biofuels, major countries in the world currently focus on improving the quality of biofuels from the aspects of production raw materials, production processes, and use processes. In the production of raw materials, in order to avoid competing with people for food or causing pollution, some countries actively seek new raw materials under the premise of making full use of waste. For example, Russia uses lake sludge to make biodiesel, Britain uses agave to extract biofuel, and French farmers use duck oil as biofuel. In terms of production technology, Utah has established a technology alliance development center with Shanghai to optimize production technology through cross-border cooperation to promote new bioenergy technologies. In order to alleviate the emission problems during the use of biofuels, some research institutions are considering combining the structure of the engine with the characteristics of biofuels to further optimize various production technologies. The German BASF Chemical Company is developing technologies such as carbon dioxide emission reduction and storage, carbon dioxide concentration and collection after combustion, and oxygen-enriched combustion.

As an ideal alternative to highly polluting fossil fuels, biofuels have long been valued by countries around the world. In recent years, the United States, Brazil, South Korea, Indonesia and other countries and the European Union have successively issued energy development strategies to support the popularization of biofuels. The EU plans to replace 20% of fossil fuels with biofuels by 2020. The National Biofuel Action Plan of the United States also proposed that biofuels will account for 25% of its total energy consumption in 2020 and 50% in 2050. The United States also launched a $ 510 million subsidy program on August 16 to promote the production and development of the second-generation biofuels.

The Indonesian Ministry of Energy announced in July that Indonesia will invest approximately US $ 13.46 billion in the construction of renewable energy infrastructure and power plants in the next 15 years. As one of the first countries to implement biofuel industrialization policies, Brazil has achieved over 40% of gasoline consumption replaced by ethanol gasoline in 2006, making it the only country in the world that does not supply pure gasoline. In Germany, biodiesel has replaced ordinary diesel and is widely used in buses, taxis, construction and agricultural machinery. Lufthansa also recently launched the world ’s first scheduled civil flight using biofuels.

A series of policies supporting the research and industrialization of biofuels in various countries around the world show that the proportion of advanced biofuels such as fuel ethanol, fuel butanol, and biodiesel in the future development of the energy industry will further increase. In the long run, the development prospects of the biofuel industry are still relatively optimistic.

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