How to build and arrange psychological counseling room

With the development of the social economy and the changes in the physical and mental characteristics of students, mental health education has been paid more and more attention to primary and secondary schools. The Ministry of Education revised the "Guidelines for Mental Health Education in Primary and Secondary Schools" in 2012, especially the work points of the Ministry of Education in 2014 Involved in the "implementation of a school competition plan for psychological health education in primary and secondary schools", the construction of psychological counseling rooms has become an important part of school education. In response to the national call to actively carry out mental health education, how to build and arrange a psychological counseling room is a problem encountered by many school teachers. Today, the editor interviewed Lan, the technical director of the Beijing Normal University Applied Psychology Development Research Center of Beijing Normal University.

The psychological counseling center should include relevant music, vision, professional activity props, regional function allocation, etc., and how to adjust the relevant elements in the consultation room will play an important role in the development of psychological activities. As a result, we launched a full range of professional technical support such as the construction of a psychological consultation center, related hardware matching and interior design, related training activities, and props distribution. It is hoped that through professional technical support, schools can be assisted in solving the mental health education problems of primary and middle school students.

One, Mental health education concept

1. Mainly based on the concept of developmental counseling, accompanied by corrective counseling.

School education is to promote the overall development of students, but under the circumstances of large differences in genetic qualities, social environment, educational opportunities, etc., how to promote the most effective development of individuals on the basis of adaptation, so that their potential and personality are fully The development and improvement of this should be the common concern of our school education. Judging from the object of school counseling, the object is people, not problems, so the formal counseling concept is only an aid and should not become the dominant.

2. Based on positive psychology, emphasize resilience and focus on the extension of psychological counseling.

Our mental health education is not just a study of disease, vulnerability and injury, it is also a study of strength and quality. As Seligman (1998) pointed out, in order to prevent the previous imbalance, people must be given before treatment. Strength, before mental illness appears. Resilience refers to the process of active adaptation in the face of obvious pressure or risk. Self-confidence, positive cognition and attribution, and good social support are important components of individual resilience. We pay attention to lead mental health education to respect the child ’s personal development, cultivate the child ’s ability to solve problems, can effectively and constructively develop and improve his personal life, and value the child ’s future, not just focusing on the present, which is also related to our country. The status of mental health education is consistent.

2. Construction plan of psychological consultation room

1. Design goals of psychological counseling room

Guide the development of students' psychological balance and help students grow healthily ability.

2. Construction principles of psychological counseling room

Scientificity: Based on Piaget ’s and Ericson ’s development theory, with reference to color psychology theory, cognitive therapy and emotional therapy, design the color, layout and connotation of each functional area of ​​the psychological counseling room.

Versatility: The construction of the psychological counseling room is based on the characteristics of students' physical and mental development, facing all students, with the overall development of all students as the center, through the general development of individual counseling, group counseling and activity counseling, gradually increasing the focus on student development issues, Develop students' positive awareness of mental health and gradually improve their psychological quality;

Relevance: Pay attention to individual differences and carry out various forms of psychological counseling according to different needs of different students to improve their mental health;

Taking "students" as the center and "teachers" as the executors: students are the main body of the psychological counseling room, fully inspiring and mobilizing the enthusiasm of students, the scientific guidance of teachers in mental health education and the initiative of students on mental health activities Participate organically.

Personalization: Each school can also tailor the psychological counseling room construction plan according to the school ’s student development characteristics, school construction planning and other factors to meet the needs of the school and students and promote the development of the school ’s mental health education and students ’healthy development To create a good school atmosphere.

3. Layout requirements of psychological consultation room

Psychological counseling room is the main place for psychological teachers and students to communicate, and it is the base of psychological teachers. The location of the psychological consultation room should be based on the principle of quietness and convenience. Choose lighting, good ventilation, keep warm in winter, and cool in summer. Don't be too close to the office area and teaching area. The color and equipment of the consultation room should also meet the psychological characteristics of primary school students. The configuration of the primary school psychological consultation room tends to be childlike characters and objects.

3. Composition of Psychological Counseling Room

The school counseling room should have at least one fully-trained full-time or part-time psychology teacher. Staff in the counseling room can also include class teachers and team leaders with certain psychological knowledge and skills, as well as other teachers, out-of-school personnel and Student volunteers.

4. Requirements for the use of psychological counseling room

1. The consultation room should be open regularly, no less than 10 hours a week, and the opening hours should meet the needs of the help seekers, and there must be consultants on duty during the opening hours.

2. The school psychological consultation room can provide various forms of consultation services according to the setting of the consultation room and the needs of the help seekers. Such as: on-site consultation, communication consultation, telephone consultation, network consultation.

3. Serve the helpers wholeheartedly, respect and actively pay attention to every visitor. Without the permission of the person or the guardian, it is forbidden to disclose the privacy, psychological measurement results and consultation records of the person seeking help to others; keep an appropriate interpersonal distance with the visitor.

4. Counselors who do not have the knowledge and methods of psychological measurement shall not perform psychological measurement on those who seek help. Do not use scales that are pirated, have poor reliability and validity, and do not meet the characteristics of students. Students cannot be forced to take various psychological measurements without the consent of the student or the guardian.

5. During the consultation process, pay close attention to the emotions of the help-seeking person. In case of special circumstances, effective measures should be taken, and timely report to the school leaders and relevant personnel.

5. Function division of psychological consultation room:

1. Reception Room

The reception room refers to the venue for receiving psychological visitors in the early stage of psychological consultation.

The reception room is used before psychological counseling. Some first-time visitors are often nervous. If you do not buffer, it is difficult to enter a relaxed emotional state. This is not conducive to the smooth development of psychological counseling. The establishment of the reception area provides a A space where visitors can fully rest or relax is conducive to the next consultation.

For the construction of the reception room, it is recommended to use cream as the main color or choose according to the teachers' preferences, because the reception room is the main office of the psychological counselor. However, it is necessary to have a serious and warm feeling, because this room is also the first station for the clients to conduct psychological counseling. It is necessary to make the clients feel close to equality, naturally, and do not have a sense of oppression. At the same time, you need to configure a small open small bookshelf. Visitors can flip through the books while waiting, and the system of psychological counseling rooms, psychological counseling codes and psychological wall charts are posted on the wall.

2. Psychological reading room

The psychological reading room is a special reading room for psychological books. Its area can be determined according to the construction conditions. It needs to be equipped with bookcases, reading racks, reading tables and chairs, etc. The main style should be quiet. Psychological reading rooms can be centrally equipped with newspapers and magazines related to psychology, and books about helping and improving psychological quality and personal growth and development can be placed at the same time, so that visitors can choose the information they need to get help and inspiration. It can also provide psychological counselors with books about psychological education and mental health.

3. Psychological measurement room

The psychological measurement room is mainly used for individual psychological tests, and large-scale group tests can be conducted through the multimedia computer room. The size of the evaluation archive room does not need to be too large, but it must be quiet and independent to avoid interference in the evaluation process and affect the accuracy of the results. To be equipped with psychological scales, computers and printers, and install a professional psychological software system, which is convenient for evaluation, establishment of psychological files and statistical analysis of results. And equipped with file cabinets, in order to archive management and preservation of related materials.

4. Individual consultation room

The individual consultation room undertakes one-on-one individual consultation function or one-to-many family consultation. Individual counseling rooms need to give visitors a certain sense of security, so that they can truly express themselves in front of psychological counselors and help them with mental health. The seats of the consultant and the visitor are arranged in an L-shape, so that both the consultant and the visitor can capture each other's eyes, and they will not cause the visitor's tension due to the direct look of the eyes. Really reveal yourself in a relatively safe and comfortable environment. It is recommended to place a silent timer in the individual consultation area, which is more conducive to the psychological counselor to master and adjust the consultation time. At the same time, a plush toy that can be directly grasped is placed near the location of the visiting student, which makes the visitor and the psychological counselor more naturally relaxed in the process of communication.

5. Group consultation room

Group psychological consultation is a form of psychological consultation conducted in the context of a group. The group consultation room serves as a place for group psychological consultation, group activities, mental health classes, and outreach training. The area is about 50-60 square meters, equipped with movable tables and chairs, covered with floors, equipped with air conditioning and multimedia imaging equipment, and Equipped with equipment for group psychological counseling activities.

6. Sand table game room

Sandbox game, also known as Sandbox Therapy, is a psychological treatment method based on Jung ’s analytical psychology of mind and symbol theory. Sandbox game is a psychological therapy in which visitors choose their toys freely from a toy rack and perform self-expression in a special box containing fine sand.

Sandplay therapy was first introduced to China by Professor Zhang Risheng of Beijing Normal University in 1998. At present, sandbox therapy is widely used in the field of mental health education in China. It has many psychological problems, such as ADHD, aggressive behavior, inattention, inattention, interpersonal Psychological problems such as communication disorders and emotional disorders have obvious help. Professor Zhang Risheng of Beijing Normal University, Professor Chen of the Sanding Therapy Research and Application Promotion Center, said: "Psychological Sanding (Shapan) has become a necessary psychological application equipment for schools, governments, enterprises and other mental health centers and psychological counseling rooms."

The composition of psychological sand table equipment includes: sand box, sand and sand tools and other necessary equipment.

Sandbox games are behavioral expressive coaching techniques designed for people with rich emotions. With the help of the sandbox, the inner interpersonal interaction is presented in the form of games, so as to understand the true state of inner emotions and emotions, and make it produce a wound healing effect during the game.

The sand table game room should be set close to the individual consultation room, so that the individual consultation room and the sand table room are relatively independent spaces, and they are connected to each other at the same time. When the psychological counselor finds that the client needs to be sandboxed, he can easily come to the sandbox game room.

As a place for psychological counselors to use sand table game therapy to provide individual counseling and group counseling to visitors, the environment should be quiet, elegant and not easily disturbed. The light is soft and the tones are gentle so that the visitors can calm, relax and concentrate on the game. Equipped with sand table equipment, psychological counselors provide guidance through sand table equipment to promote the maintenance of visitors' mental health, the cultivation of imagination and creativity, the cultivation of mentality and the sound development of personality.

7. Catharsis room

The ultimate occurrence of psychological problems is in many cases the result of the accumulation of negative emotions. Therefore, excluding negative emotions in time can prevent and solve psychological problems. Catharsis is one of the common and effective methods that people use.

There are many methods of catharsis, but the most basic principle is that catharsis must be reasonable and lawful, so as not to harm people or harm oneself, and to maintain an appropriate degree. Some commonly used methods suitable for the psychological development characteristics of middle school students can be introduced into the catharsis room, such as sports, shouting, graffiti, hitting, etc.

A catharsis room is a place for visitors to vent their inner emotions. The establishment of a catharsis room can help the negative emotions and mental energy generated by the inner conflicts of the visitors to be resolved and vented through a safe and appropriate way, and combined with the guidance of the psychological counselor to promote the improvement of the individual's mental health. The catharsis room is premised on comfort and safety, and is equipped with a video monitoring system. The space should not be too small. The walls of about 20 square meters require soft bags, covered with floors, and equipped with catharsis equipment.

8. Relaxation room

The relaxation room is mainly to provide visitors with a variety of relaxation training conditions, which in turn helps the visitors to relieve various stresses and emotions. Relaxation technique is a technique through which individuals learn to relax mentally and physically through a certain training program, and it is a commonly used behavior therapy method. The relaxation room is equipped with a music decompression therapy system, which uses the unique physiological and psychological effects of music to enable visitors to experience the music experience through various specially designed musical behaviors with the joint participation of the consultant to achieve the elimination and relief of anxiety and tension Wait for bad emotions, eliminate psychological barriers, and restore or improve mental health.

In short, mental health education has been valued by schools, society, and the country. As a carrier of mental health education, the school uses related psychological education methods and means to cultivate students' good psychological qualities according to the characteristics of students ’physiological and psychological development. The educational activities of development and overall improvement of quality are an important part of quality education and an important part of implementing quality education projects and training high-quality talents.

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