Analysis of Banknote Printing Anti-counterfeiting Technology

Most of the layout design of banknotes is mainly based on characters, landscapes, paintings, architecture, etc., and is printed with complex and changeable shading. The printing method mainly uses offset printing, gravure printing, letterpress printing and special printing. The printing of the main scene is mainly realized by hand engraving gravure printing method. The gravure printing is a high-precision metal gravure hand-carved by the engraver. The pattern printed by this lithography is a three-dimensional pattern, which floats on the paper surface. There is a bumpy touch, such as the head of Chairman Mao on the RMB, and the touch is obvious, especially the hair and clothing decoration parts, under the magnifying glass, the line ink stands on the paper. Hand-carved gravure is an easy-to-recognize anti-counterfeiting method, and it is not easy to be copied. Hand-carved plate-making is difficult to be copied by others because of its different knife skills, styles and unique skills. Therefore, it is difficult for others to imitate the true-to-life. It is also difficult for the author himself to engrave two identical plates. So far, it is an indispensable means of anti-counterfeit banknotes. Gravure printing can also realize a printing technology called refraction latent image. This technology makes use of different horizontal and vertical gravure lines' different effects of light tilt to make two kinds of graphics on the same part of the paper. When looking at this kind of picture and text against the light source, there is a kind of picture and text, such as when the paper is rotated horizontally by 45 degrees or 90 degrees, it will be transformed into another kind of picture and text. This technology is used in passports of Canada, Sweden, Czech Republic and other countries. The ellipse-shaped flower on the upper right of the front of the fifth set of 100 yuan bonds in China can be rotated through the above-mentioned angle to reveal the invisible denomination number "100".

Lithographic offset printing is used to print complex and variable shading of banknotes. Lithographic offset graphics and paper are almost on the same plane. Most of the prints we see use this technique, but lithographic offset printing also has printing techniques that are difficult to imitate, such as microtext offset printing, multi-color overprinting, and cross-printing. Technology and pattern docking technology. The microprint offset looks like a solid line or dashed line to the naked eye, but under the magnifying glass, it is a small and clear text. Shading multi-color overprinting uses several colors of ink to overprint the same pattern, thereby forming an overlap of multiple colors and making the pattern colorful. This is a high-precision offset printing technology that is generally difficult to imitate. Both the printing and the pattern docking have put forward extremely high requirements for the offset printing accuracy, which is a great test for the accuracy of the printing machine and the printing person's technology.

Relief printing is a printing method in which the graphics and text on the printing plate are higher than the layout. When printing, the graphics and text are partially inked, and the paper is pressurized, and the ink is transferred from the printing plate to the paper surface. The pressure during printing causes raised marks on the back of the paper. This type of printing is generally used for the printing of bank notes. It is also a kind of anti-counterfeiting.

Special printing methods include rainbow printing, wiring printing, shading anti-copy printing, hologram printing, etc. The main color or background of the pattern is composed of different colors, but the color transformation of the lines or images is gradually transitioned, without obvious boundaries, just like the gradient of the rainbow colors of the sky. The color of the background shading on the front side of China's 100 yuan is gradually changing from orange to orange, red, green and blue, which is the application of this technology. Wiring printing is that two colors appear on the same line of the ticket pattern to connect with each other. The two colors at the connection can neither be separated nor overlapped, which requires sophisticated equipment and superb craftsmanship. China has been able to complete the precise docking of four colors and patterns at one time. Holograms, visualizations, and shadings are all new anti-counterfeiting technologies developed to prevent counterfeiting of counterfeit banknotes by modern copying technologies, such as the anti-copy shading of the US dollar after 1996, and the portrait and building backgrounds are composed of equidistant arcs The composition, no matter what method is used for copying, will produce regular diffraction fringes, such as the constellation anti-copy technology in recent years.

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