This is a typical American World Expo. At this fair, energy is an important issue. However, a small invention “magic cube” that has nothing to do with energy has affected generations. Although it cannot cause an energy revolution, it is enough to trigger people’s "Brainstorming".

The Rubik's Cube became famous at the Knoxville World Expo. What special significance does the Expo have for China?

The 1982 Knoxville World Expo was the first time that New China participated in the World Expo. It was also the first appearance of China at a major international exhibition after the reform and opening up.

The Americans at that time rarely knew about China. They were full of curiosity about the mysterious China. There were long queues waiting to be visited every day in front of the China Pavilion. The final statistics show that the China Pavilion receives nearly 30,000 people a day, which accounts for nearly a quarter of the total number of visitors to the Expo. This also shows from another aspect: the world is eager to understand China!

However, China has faced a non-traditional World Expo at this time. Without a few kilometers of booths, there were no more than 100,000 exhibits placed mechanically, and there was no “Panama Gold Award”. Some were just a large theme park. A pavilion in a country, the layout of each pavilion condenses the country's comprehensive national strength, showing the country's style.

The debut of the new China in the layout of the China Pavilion, mainly based on arts and crafts, supplemented by new energy technologies, light and exquisite solar water heaters, solar cookers, solar beacons, solar fences, biogas displayed outside the China Pavilion The use of devices and other attractions has attracted many people's attention, and the display of the Great Wall Brick and the Qin Terracotta Warriors under the majestic picture of the Great Wall is unique.

The China Pavilion won a full house. The US media commented: "China is using Great Wall Brick to build friendship with the audience of the 1982 World Expo."

Morning Post Expo reporter Wang Wei intern Li Qiuping

The small town of Knoxville in the United States hosted the 1982 World Expo, which proved to the world that a small town relying on the valley is equally capable of organizing such a grand event.

This is a typical American World Expo. Entertainment, food, carnival, shopping, and hunting are the favorite things of American people in the 1980s. At this expo, energy is an important issue. However, a small invention “magic cube” that has nothing to do with energy has affected generations. Although it cannot cause an energy revolution, it is enough to cause people to “brainstorm”.

School of Architecture teaching tools

The Rubik's Cube, also known as Rubik's Cube, was invented in 1974 by Erno Rubik, a professor at the Budapest School of Architecture in Hungary. At the beginning, he invented the Rubik's Cube, only as a teaching tool to help students enhance their spatial thinking ability.

But in fact, it is more than just a mechanical problem to make those small squares free to rotate without spreading, involving wooden axes, seats and hoes. Professor Rubik took the Rubik's Cube in his hand and after a few turns, realized that the color box that was reviving was so interesting and difficult, which prompted him to decide to mass produce the toy. Shortly thereafter, the Rubik's Cube swept the world, and people found that the gadgets made up of small squares were really wonderful.

There are many varieties of Rubik's Cube, and the most common third-order cube cube is usually said. In fact, there are also various cube cubes such as second-order, fourth-order, and fifth-order (the highest order of the real thing is the seventh-order cube). In addition, there are other polyhedral cubes, which can also be other polygons, such as pentagon dodecahedron.

The third-order cube cube consists of 26 small squares and a three-dimensional cross (cross-axis) connecting axis. The small square has six in-plane centers (center blocks), eight on the corners (corner blocks), and twelve on the edges ( The edge is very clever. Each face is divided into three layers, each layer can be freely rotated. The rotation of the layer changes the position of the small square on the cube. There is a constraint relationship between the parts. No two small pieces are identical. There are colors on each side of the cube, and the colors of the squares on the same side are the same, and the colors are different between the faces. This initial state is the original state of the Rubik's Cube.

The Rubik's cube is to restore the original state of the Rubik's Cube - the cube that will be disrupted is restored to six sides into a single color as soon as possible. Restoring the Rubik's Cube requires a good Rubik's Cube, a pair of dexterous hands, a keen space imagination and an efficient and practical rotation program. There are many ways to restore, there are great differences in the specific steps, but there are similarities, the most common is to layer by layer.

The reason why the Rubik's Cube is "infinite" is that it has only 26 small squares, and the total number of changes can reach 4.3 × 10 to the 19th power. If you can turn 3 Rubik's Cubes in one second, regardless of repetition, you need to transfer 454.2 billion years before you can turn out all the changes in the Rubik's Cube. This number is about 30 times the estimated age of the universe.

Has sold over 100 million Rubik's Cube

After discovering Rubik's Cube, Professor Rubik realized that this new invention would be very simple. As the inventor of Rubik's Cube, Professor Rubik has a Hungarian patent, but he did not apply for an international patent. He originally thought that others were not willing to produce such toys, but in fact cloned products appeared immediately. According to estimates, since the invention, Rubik's Cube has sold more than 100 million people around the world.

Rubik is the son of a poet and a glider designer who studied architecture at the Budapest University of Technology and studied sculptural interior design at a practical art school in Budapest.

When Rubik thought hard, he finally found a way to rotate the squares of different colors along two vertical axes without falling apart. In the words of Rubik, the birth of the Rubik's Cube stems from his interest in "space transformation."

In 1977, the Rubik's Cube first appeared in the toy store in Budapest, and together with the Burrow ballpoint pen and safety matches became the great invention of Hungary.

The Rubik's Cube is widely loved by everyone in the 1980s. A total of nearly 2 million Rubik's cubes were sold from 1980 to 1982. In 1981, a little boy from the United Kingdom, Patrick Bossert, wrote a book titled "You Can Restore the Rubik's Cube" (Chinese translation is "How to Play Rubik's Cube"), which sold nearly 150 in total. Wanben.

Thanks to the huge business opportunities of Rubik's Cube, Professor Rubik and his partners developed second- and fourth-order cubes, which also achieved success.

According to Rubik's company statistics, this rotatable toy consisting of different color squares set off its first craze between 1980 and 1982, and now the Rubik's cube sales are even better than at the time. Although the Rubik's Cube was once again popular, Rubik still didn't like to show his face and refused all requests for interviews. The 64-year-old Hungarian engineer lives and works in Budapest and runs the Rubik's studio with the Rubik's Cube trademark.

Budapest, the capital of Hungary, holds a World Rubik's Cube tournament every spring. Gabor Conchi, head of the Hungarian Cultural Foundation, said that the Rubik's revival is due to its simplicity and ease of play. "I can put it in my pocket and play it out at any time and place. It can ease a person standing. Loneliness in the crowd."

The Rubik's Cube is not only a toy for children, but also a form of leisure and relaxation, and a form of sports competition. With more exciting and challenging racing, one-handed, foot-turning, blind-screw puzzles, etc., more and more The people began to pay attention to the Rubik's Cube. Blind screw refers to the restoration of the Rubik's Cube without eye viewing. The timing starts from the first sight of the Rubik's Cube, which means that the time of the Memory Rubik's Cube is also counted in the total time. This kind of gameplay has a great test of a person's memory and spatial imagination. At present, the world record for blind screwing is 45.55 seconds. It is certified by WCA (World Rubik's Cube Association) and maintained by Zhuang Haiyan of China.

"Magic Cube" debut at Shanghai World Expo

Rubik's Cube is the most sought-after toy of the 1980s. Like today's children's handheld game consoles , it is the favorite toy for teenagers. But as more and more novelty toys enter China, the Rubik's Cube boom is gradually fading. This educational toy , once popular in China, has recently become popular again after it has faded out of sight for more than a decade.

The Shanghai Enterprise Joint Pavilion at the 2010 Shanghai World Expo also uses the concept of “Magic Cube”. Known as the “Magic Cube”, the Shanghai Enterprise Joint Pavilion covers an area of ​​about 4,000 square meters and is located in the Expo Pavilion of the World Expo. Upon completion, it is an eco-friendly building with intelligent technology, dreamy mood and interactive experience. The exterior wall material of this exhibition hall "Magic Cube" is made of renewable raw material particles, showing the concept of energy saving and environmental protection design and advanced technology.

"Magic Cube" uses the latest solar power technology in the world to achieve new breakthroughs in energy utilization. A 2,200-square-meter solar collector screen is placed on the roof of the building to collect 95°C hot water generated by solar energy. Through the new technology of ultra-low temperature power generation, it can output more than 200 kilowatts of electric power for building exhibitions and daily electricity consumption. The Rubik's Cube also makes full use of natural resources to recover rainwater from the site, which is used for sedimentation, filtration and storage for daily water use and “spray” water in the venue. "Spray" not only reduces the local ambient temperature, purifies the air, but also controls according to the program, forming a variety of spray patterns on the facade of the building, making the appearance of the "Magic Cube" changeable and elegant.

In addition, the Shanghai Enterprise Joint Pavilion logo also uses the design concept of “Magic Cube”. The whole logo adopts a blue and green transparent and transparent natural magnolia shape. Among them, blue symbolizes industry, technology, precision, and green symbolizes environmental protection and harmony. It shows the strong vitality and broad tolerance of Shanghai enterprises, and the design concept of “Heaven and Man” and “Zhuang Zhou Mengdie” The physical experience echoes.

【World Expo Honor List】

Rubik's Cube, also known as Rubik's Cube, was invented in 1974 by Professor Erno Rubik of the Budapest School of Architecture in Hungary. At the 1982 Knoxville World Expo, the Hungarian Pavilion exhibited the Rubik's Cube, and the Rubik's Cube became famous, and it was very popular in the 1980s.

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